Graph interview questions with answers

GRAPH INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (AT LEAST 10 WITH SHORT SAMPLE ANSWERS)

Numerous real-world instances can be represented and solved using graphs, which are flexible data structures. Diagrams can represent electronic circuit boards, motorways, and crosswalks within a town or paths between cities, product catalogs, animated films, and performers, etc. As an example, A lot of Graph questions are asked in coding interviews due to their relevance in modeling a wide range of real-world instances.

Getting to know all of these algorithms is crucial, including their motivations, their initiatives, and their uses. To simulate the graph representations, graphs require various essential data structures like arrays, sets, etc.

Below are examples of sample questions and answers:

Graph interview questions

  1. Differentiate directed graph and undirected graph? 

If you’ve ever seen a directed graph, it’s one in which the corners of Vertex A can be reached from Vertex B, but not vice versa. Directed graphs include a one-way street map. On the border (street), you can only go in one route, and not the other. 

Non-directed graphs are charts in which the corners do not have a path. A freeway map linking urban areas is an example of a non-directed graph. On the corner, you can go in either path.

  1. Highlights the parts of a graph 

They are various components of a graph which are: edges/corners and vertices 

Vertices: Similar to nodes, the vertices are a type of node There is usually a label on the vertices to identify them, in addition to Cities on a map and pins on a circuit are illustrations of vertices. 

Edges: Two vertices are connected by an edge. If you want to see an illustration of an edge, think about roads that link towns on a map, or traces that link points. 

  1. How are the components of a graph represented by computer programs?

Vertices- Vertices are a representation of real- Example: Cities are represented by the vertices in an urban map with roads. As in a circuit diagram, the vertices depict the connectors on the circuit board in a graph circuit diagram It is possible to model vertex labels as variables in computer programs, where the vertex label is one of many variables.

Edges- When two vertices meet, they form an edge There are two ways in which a computer algorithm can symbolize a corner 

  • Adjacency matrix –  Any edges between two points are indicated by the adjacency matrix, which has NxN elements. In the graph, N is the total number of vertices. 
  • Adjacency list – Each vertex in a graph has an adjacency record, which is an arrangement of records or sets of adjacent vertices for each I’m not sure if I’m going to be able to do it, Each component has a list of vertices that are adjacent to the entity’s vertex.
  1. Describe the complexity of a Hash table

When it comes to data structures, the space complexity is a measure of how much space they take up about the number An O(1) space complexity, for instance, would indicate no matter how many pieces you put in a data structure it will always take up the same amount of space According to O(n).

  1. Describe a binary heap

A Binary Heap is a component of the binary tree that has these properties below:

  • It’s a full-grown tree. They can be deposited in an array because of this property of Binary Heaps. 
  • There are two types of Binary Heap: the Minimum and Maximum. If the root key is the smallest of all the keys in a Min Binary Heap, then it must be the root key Binary Tree nodes must have the same characteristic recursively. It is comparable to MinHeap in that it has a maximum. 
  1. What are the occurrences you can utilize the linked list?

Linked lists come in handy when: 

  • to insert and remove any items from a list of unidentified (at compile-time) sizes, but not too many searches. 
  • Using (bidirectionally-linked) lists to divide and join them is very productive 
  • A tree structure could be implemented as “vertical” linked lists (parent/child connections) linking together horizontal links if you’d like (siblings).

If you’re going to use an array-based list, these utilities have critical restraints 

  • As a result, there is a loss of space or need for assigning a location 
  • To insert items anywhere other than the end, it may be necessary to reallocate and copy a large amount of data
  1. Describe situations you can use  BFS

Many processes around you use this automated system. On social networking sites and google search, it’s used in Location tracking systems to find nearby places. 

There is a great deal of use for BFS in the fields of ai and machine learning, particularly It’s also used for trash collection, which is probably the most noticeable aspect of your programming career.

  1. What is DFS? 

Deep First Search (DFS) is a comparable technique to Breadth-First Search (BFS). After searching as far as possible along one branch, DFS returns to the previous branch and continues searching. If you’re a fan of this kind of thing, you’ll appreciate the following Graph.

Even though the recursive approach is shorter and simpler, both ways perform similarly.

  1. Describe multidimensional arrays 

A multi-dimensional array is a collection that spans more than one geometrical dimension. As a result, each point of storage will have more than one index parameter. As the name suggests, this form of data structure is employed in situations where data can’t be expressed or stored using just 2D arrays are the most prevalent multidimensional arrays. 

Data can be stored in 2D arrays using row and column pointers, which is similar to a table format framework.

  1. Outline why you think a linked list is more efficient than arrays
  • Insertion and erasure 

In an array, the process of adding and removing elements is expensive because space must be made for new additions, and established components must be rearranged. Although the same procedure is easier in a linked list because we only have to upgrade the address in the next node’s pointer. 

  • Structural Data Change 

There’s no need to specify an initial size when creating a linked list because it can develop or decrease at a running time by assigning or releasing memory. As opposed to a list, an array’s size is constrained by the number of units in the primary memory, which is saved statically.

  • No memory wastage 
  • An increasing or decreasing linked list ensures that no recollection is wasted since it is allocated at runtime. 
  • For example, when declaring a 10-element array and only storing three elements in it, the space for three elements is squandered. As a result, arrays have a higher chance of wasting memory.
  1. Java’s HashMap: how would it manage collisions? 
  • java. util is a collection of tools for Java developers. Java’s HashMap class handles collisions by chaining. It is possible to push the very same key value into a linked list that is deposited in the key jar as a sequence along with the current value. 
  • When this happens, all keys will have the same hashcode, and the hash table will turn into a linked list. Searching for a value will take O(n) time instead of O(1) because of the connected list’s structure. As a result, the hashing algorithm must be carefully chosen.
  1. Describe a priority queue 
  • In contrast to a normal queue, priority queues are abstract data types in which elements are assigned a priority. 
  • A much more important element is processed before a lower value component, and vice versa for the reverse. 
  • A minimum of 2 queues is essential to integrate this – one for the information and one for prioritization.
  1. Describe the tree data structure 
  • It consists of one or even more data nodes, one of which is classified as the root, and the rest are named the daughters of the root. Trees are non-linear sequential data structures. 
  • In a tree, data is arranged hierarchically. 
  • An example of a binary tree and its varieties is one of the most widely used tree data structures.
  1. Outline sectors where graph data structure can be applied 

Graphical representations are widely used in a wide range of fields. Among them are: 

  • Facebook, Linked In, and other social networking sites use graphs to track the flow of information. 
  • Neural network graphs, where nodes represent neurons and edges indicate synapses connecting them. 
  • Nodes and edges of a transit graph. 
  • Utility charts with vertices representing connection points and edges representing wires or pipes that connect them. 
  1. . Do you know what the term “heap data structure” means? 

It is a non-linear data model centered on a binary tree. It is said that a binary tree is comprehensive if it has all of its components to the left. Heaps come in two varieties: 

  • Max-Heap: 

In a Max-Heap the data item existing at the root node must be highest among all the information components contained in the tree. Successively, this feature should hold for all subtrees of the binary tree in question. 

  • Min-Heap: 

There must be one lowest logical unit (or minimum) among all of the other data components contained in the tree for the root node of a Min-Heap.

Data and information analysts who are looking for good opportunities to work in a more developed environment have to cultivate the habit of staying updated on revised interview questions heading for an interview. This article has provided quality and most asked graph interview questions in recent times. 

Graph interview questions with answers

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